Ancient Rome was originally an Italic settlement dating from the 8th century BC that grew into the city of Rome and which subsequently gave its name to the empire over which it ruled and to the widespread civilisation the empire developed. The Roman empire expanded to become one of the largest empires in the ancient world, though still ruled from the city, with an estimated 50 to 90 million inhabitants and covering 5.0 million square kilometres at its height in AD 117. Ancient Roman civilisation has contributed to modern government, law, politics, engineering, art, literature, architecture, technology, warfare, religion, language and society. Rome professionalised and expanded its military and created a system of government called res publica, the inspiration for modern republics such as the United States and France.
The Navy was significant in the Roman conquest of the Mediterranean Basin. During the First punic war the Roman Navy was bolstered and played an instrumental role in the Republic's victory and supremacy in that area. During the imperial period there was no maritime enemy for the Romans, so the Navy was reduced in numbers and tasked with patrol and escort missions. In the 3rd century, when the Empire declined, the Navy was diminished too and from that moment on it wasn's capable of resisting the assaults of the barbarians pirates rising in the Mediterranean.
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